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<title>Network virtualization</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Network virtualization</span></span>

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</p><p>In computing, <b>network virtualization</b> is the process of combining hardware and software network resources and network functionality into a single, software-based administrative entity, a <b>virtual network</b>. Network virtualization involves <a href="Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">platform virtualization</a>, often combined with resource virtualization.

</p><p>Network virtualization is categorized as either <b>external virtualization</b>, combining many networks or parts of networks into a virtual unit, or <b>internal virtualization</b>, providing network-like functionality to software containers on a single network <a href="Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a>.

</p><p>In <a href="Software_testing" title="Software testing">software testing</a>, software developers use network virtualization to test software which are under development in a simulation of the network environments in which the software is intended to operate. As a component of <a href="Application_performance_engineering" title="Application performance engineering">application performance engineering</a>, network virtualization enables developers to emulate connections between applications, services, dependencies, and end users in a test environment without having to physically test the software on all possible hardware or system software. The validity of the test depends on the accuracy of the network virtualization in emulating real hardware and <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components">Components</h2></div>

<p>Various equipment and software vendors offer network virtualization by combining any of the following:

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<ul><li>Network hardware, such as switches and <a href="Network_adapter" class="mw-redirect" title="Network adapter">network adapters</a>, also known as network interface cards (NICs)</li>

<li>Network elements, such as firewalls and load balancers</li>

<li>Networks, such as <a href="Virtual_LAN" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual LAN">virtual LANs</a> (VLANs) and containers such as <a href="Virtual_machine" title="Virtual machine">virtual machines</a> (VMs)</li>

<li>Network storage devices</li>

<li>Network machine-to-machine elements, such as telecommunications devices</li>

<li>Network mobile elements, such as laptop computers, tablet computers, and smartphones</li>

<li>Network media, such as <a href="Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> and <a href="Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_virtualization">External virtualization</h2></div>

<p>External network virtualization combines or subdivides one or more <a href="Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area networks</a> (LANs) into virtual networks to improve a large network's or data center's efficiency. A virtual local area network (VLAN) and <a href="Network_switch" title="Network switch">network switch</a> comprise the key components. Using this technology, a <a href="System_administrator" title="System administrator">system administrator</a> can configure systems physically attached to the same local network into separate virtual networks. Conversely, an administrator can combine systems on separate <a href="Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area networks</a> (LANs) into a single VLAN spanning segments of a large network.

</p><p>External network virtualization is envisioned to be placed in the middle of the network stack and help integrating different architectures proposed for next generation networks.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internal_virtualization">Internal virtualization</h2></div>

<p><b>Internal network virtualization</b> configures a single system with <a href="Operating_system%E2%80%93level_virtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating system–level virtualization">software containers</a>, such as <a href="Xen" title="Xen">Xen</a> <a href="Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">hypervisor</a> control programs, or pseudo-interfaces, such as a <a href="OpenSolaris_Network_Virtualization_and_Resource_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenSolaris Network Virtualization and Resource Control">VNIC</a>, to emulate a physical network with software. This can improve a single system's efficiency by isolating applications to separate containers or pseudo-interfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3></div>

<p><a href="Citrix" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrix">Citrix</a> and <a href="Vyatta" title="Vyatta">Vyatta</a> have built a virtual network <a href="Protocol_stack" title="Protocol stack">protocol stack</a> combining Vyatta's routing, firewall, and VPN functions with Citrix's Netscaler <a href="Load_balancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Load balancer">load balancer</a>, branch repeater <a href="Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">wide area network</a> (WAN) optimization, and <a href="Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">secure sockets layer</a> VPN.

</p><p><a href="OpenSolaris" title="OpenSolaris">OpenSolaris</a> network virtualization provides a so-called "network in a box" (see <a href="OpenSolaris_Network_Virtualization_and_Resource_Control" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenSolaris Network Virtualization and Resource Control">OpenSolaris Network Virtualization and Resource Control</a>).

</p><p><a href="Microsoft_Virtual_Server" title="Microsoft Virtual Server">Microsoft Virtual Server</a> uses virtual machines to make a "network in a box" for <a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a> systems. These containers can run different operating systems, such as <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> or <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, either associated with or independent of a specific <a href="Network_interface_controller" title="Network interface controller">network interface controller</a> (NIC).

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_testing">Use in testing</h2></div>

<p>Network virtualization may be used in application development and testing to mimic real-world hardware and system software.

In <a href="Application_performance_engineering" title="Application performance engineering">application performance engineering</a>, network virtualization enables emulation of connections between applications, services, dependencies, and end users for software testing.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wireless_network_virtualization">Wireless network virtualization</h2></div>

<p>Wireless network virtualization can have a very broad scope ranging from spectrum sharing, infrastructure virtualization, to air interface virtualization. Similar to wired network virtualization, in which physical infrastructure owned by one or more providers can be shared among multiple service providers, wireless network virtualization needs the physical wireless infrastructure and radio resources to be abstracted and isolated to a number of virtual resources, which then can be offered to different service providers. In other words, virtualization, regardless of wired or wireless networks, can be considered as a process splitting the entire network system. However, the distinctive properties of the wireless environment, in terms of time-various channels, attenuation, mobility, broadcast, etc., make the problem more complicated. Furthermore, wireless network virtualization depends on specific access technologies, and wireless network contains much more access technologies compared to wired network virtualization and each access technology has its particular characteristics, which makes convergence, sharing and abstraction difficult to achieve. Therefore, it may be inaccurate to consider wireless network virtualization as a subset of network virtualization.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performance">Performance</h2></div>

<p>Until 1 Gbit/s networks, network virtualization was not suffering from the overhead of the software layers or hypervisor layers providing the interconnects. With the rise of high bandwidth, 10 Gbit/s and beyond, the rates of packets exceed the capabilities of processing of the networking stacks. In order to keep offering high throughput processing, some combinations of software and hardware helpers are deployed in the so-called "network in a box" associated with either a hardware-dependent <a href="Network_interface_controller" title="Network interface controller">network interface controller</a> (NIC) using <a href="SRIOV" class="mw-redirect" title="SRIOV">SRIOV</a> extensions of the hypervisor or either using a <a href="Fast_path" title="Fast path">fast path</a> technology between the NIC and the payloads (virtual machines or containers).

</p><p>For example, in case of <a href="Openstack" class="mw-redirect" title="Openstack">Openstack</a>, network is provided by Neutron which leverages many features from the Linux kernel for networking: iptables, iproute2, L2 bridge, L3 routing or OVS. Since the Linux kernel cannot sustain the 10G packet rate, then some bypass technologies for a <a href="Fast_path" title="Fast path">fast path</a> are used. The main bypass technologies are either based on a limited set of features such as <a href="Open_vSwitch" title="Open vSwitch">Open vSwitch</a> (OVS) with its <a href="DPDK" class="mw-redirect" title="DPDK">DPDK</a> <a href="User_space" class="mw-redirect" title="User space">user space</a> implementation or based on a full feature and offload of Linux processing such as <a href="6WIND" title="6WIND">6WIND</a> virtual accelerator.

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<ul><li><a href="Application_performance_engineering" title="Application performance engineering">Application performance engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">Hardware virtualization</a></li>

<li><a href="I/O_virtualization" title="I/O virtualization">I/O virtualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_function_virtualization" title="Network function virtualization">Network function virtualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_Virtualization_using_Generic_Routing_Encapsulation" title="Network Virtualization using Generic Routing Encapsulation">Network Virtualization using Generic Routing Encapsulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Overlay_network" title="Overlay network">Overlay network</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_circuit" title="Virtual circuit">Virtual circuit</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_Extensible_LAN" title="Virtual Extensible LAN">Virtual Extensible LAN</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_firewall" title="Virtual firewall">Virtual firewall</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">Virtual private network</a></li>

<li><a href="Software-defined_networking" title="Software-defined networking">Software-defined networking</a></li></ul>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Martinez-Julia, A. F. Skarmeta, A. Galis. "Towards a Secure Network Virtualization Architecture for the Future Internet" Future Internet Assembly, 2013, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

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</style><a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-38082-2_12">10.1007/978-3-642-38082-2_12</a>.</span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Galis, S. Clayman, A. Fischer, A. Paler, Y. Al-Hazmi, H. De Meer, A. Cheniour, O. Mornard, J. Patrick Gelas and L. Lefevre, et al. "Future Internet Management Platforms for Network Virtualisation and Service Clouds"- ServiceWave 2010, December 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://servicewave.eu/2010/joint-demonstration-evening/">http://servicewave.eu/2010/joint-demonstration-evening/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140731160210/http://servicewave.eu/2010/joint-demonstration-evening/">Archived</a> 2014-07-31 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and in "Towards A Service-Based Internet" Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2010, Volume 6481/2010, 235-237, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-17694-4_39">10.1007/978-3-642-17694-4_39</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLiangYu2015" class="citation journal cs1">Liang, C.; Yu, F. R. (2015). "Wireless Network Virtualization: A Survey, Some Research Issues and Challenges". <i>IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials</i>. <b>17</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">358–</span>380. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FCOMST.2014.2352118">10.1109/COMST.2014.2352118</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14838118">14838118</a>.</cite></span>

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<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFVictor_Moreno_and_Kumar_Reddy2006" class="citation book cs1">Victor Moreno and Kumar Reddy (2006). <i>Network Virtualization</i>. Indianapolis: Cisco Press.</cite></li></ul>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFEspositoMattaIshakian2011" class="citation journal cs1">Esposito, Flavio; Matta, Ibrahim; Ishakian, Vatche (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.bu.edu/techreports/pdf/2011-025-slice-embedding.pdf">"Slice Embedding Solutions for Distributed Service Architectures"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ACM Computing Surveys</i>. <b>46</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>29. <a href="CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.300.4425">10.1.1.300.4425</a></span>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2522968.2522974">10.1145/2522968.2522974</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2144%2F11382">2144/11382</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2307120">2307120</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFChowdhuryBoutaba2010" class="citation journal cs1">Chowdhury, N.M. Mosharaf Kabir; Boutaba, Raouf (2010). "A survey of network virtualization". <i>Computer Networks</i>. <b>54</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">862–</span>876. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.comnet.2009.10.017">10.1016/j.comnet.2009.10.017</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1389-1286">1389-1286</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBerlFischerde_Meer2009" class="citation journal cs1">Berl, Andreas; Fischer, Andreas; de Meer, Hermann (2009). "Using System Virtualization to Create Virtualized Networks". <i>Electronic Communications of the EASST</i>. <b>17</b>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>12. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1863-2122">1863-2122</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFischerBoteroBeckde_Meer2013" class="citation journal cs1">Fischer, Andreas; Botero, Juan Felipe; Beck, Michael Till; de Meer, Hermann; Hesselbach, Xavier (2013). "Virtual Network Embedding: A Survey". <i>IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials</i>. <b>15</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>19. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FSURV.2013.013013.00155">10.1109/SURV.2013.013013.00155</a>. <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2117%2F20996">2117/20996</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1553-877X">1553-877X</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206584013">206584013</a>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://networkvirtualization.com">NetworkVirtualization.com | News</a> retrieved 3 June 2008</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.rad.com/networks/2006/vpls/main.htm">RAD VPLS Tutorial</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/software/junos/junos83/swconfig83-vpns/id-10066935.html#id-10066935">Types of VPNs</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/virtual_networking_concepts.pdf">VMware Virtual Networking Concepts</a> retrieved 26 October 2008</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/services/network/what-is-nfv">Network functions Virtualization(NFV) Benefits</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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